1. PERBAIKAN DAYA HASIL JAGUNG KETAN LOKAL BIMA MELALUI SELEKSI MASSA DALAM UPAYA MENDAPATKAN VARIETAS UNGGUL LOKAL LAHAN KERING YIELD IMPROVEMENT OF LOCAL BIMA GLUTINUOUS CORN THROUGH MASS SELECTION TO PRODUCE DRY LAND LOCAL SUPERIOR VARIETY
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : mengetahui kemajuan seleksi massa yang berdasarkan satu sifat (tinggi tanaman; berat kering tongkol) dan dua sifat (tinggi tanaman dan berat kering tongkol) terhadap hasil; serta mengetahui daya hasil jagung ketan lokal Bima setelah dilakukan seleksi massa selama tujuh siklus. Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan tiga ulangan digunakan untuk menguji tujuh populasi setiap cara seleksi dan populasi awal. Percobaan dilakukan mulai bulan Maret sampai September 2001, Sifat-sifat yang diamati meliputi; saat keluar malai, saat keluar rambut, tinggi tanaman, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, berat kering tongkol, berat 1000 butir biji, serta berat kering biji per plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: Kemajuan seleksi massa didasarkan atas dua sifat, maupun satu sifat terhadap berat kering biji per plot bersifat linear nyata. Nilai kemajuan seleksi per siklus tertinggi diperoleh pada seleksi dua sifat, kemudian diikuti oleh satu sifat didasarkan berat kering tongkol, kemudian seleksi satu sifat berdasarkan tinggi tanaman, secara berurutan sebesar 104,1399 gram/siklus; 104,013 gram/siklus, dan 82,987 gram/siklus per plot. Daya hasil populasi setelah tujuh siklus seleksi untuk seleksi massa yang berdasarkan dua sifat, satu sifat berdasarkan berat kering tongkol, dan seleksi satu sifat berdasarkan tinggi tanaman, secara berurutan adalah 3,167 t/ha, 2,957 t/ha, 2,910 t/h, dan lebih tinggi dari daya hasil populasi awal 1,894 t/ha.
ABSTRACT
A research was done to find out the selection advance of mass selection based on one or two traits, of plant height and/or ear dry weight on yield, to determine population yield of local Bima Glutinuous corn after seven cycles of selection. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used to evaluate the seven population obtained for each selection technique being studied and the base population. The research has been performed from Marcht – September 2001. The traits under consideration were : tasseling date. Silking date, plant height, ear diameter; ear length, ear dry weight, 1000 grain, weight, and grain dry weight. The results indicated that genetic advance of mass selection based on plant height and ear dry weight per cycle was significantly linear, and higher than that of selection for one trait, ear dry weight or plant height only, e.g., 104.399 gram/cycle. 104.012 gram/cycle and 82.987 gram/cycle respectively. Then, after seven cycles, the yield was 3, 167 t/ha, 2,957 t/ha, and 2.910 t/ha respectively, It was higher than base population, 1,894 t/ha.