01 PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG KETAN PADA BERBAGAI JARAK TANAM, POLA BARISAN, DAN TUMPANGSARI DENGAN TANAMAN LEGUM DI LAHAN SAWAH ENTISOL 1) GROWTH AND YIELD OF WAXY MAIZE AT VARIOUS PLANTING DISTANCES, ROW PATTERNS, AND INTERCROPPING WITH LEGUME CROPS ON ENTISOLS RICE FIELD

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh jarak tanam rapat, pola barisan dan tumpangsari dengan tanaman kacang hijau atau kedelai, terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung ketan varietas lokal Bima. Percobaan dilaksanakan di lahan sawah entisol di desa Narmada, Lombok Barat, mulai bulan Mei s/d Juli 2012, yang ditata menurut Rancangan Split Split Plot, dengan tiga blok dan tiga faktor perlakuan, yaitu: Tumpangsari (T) sebagai main plot, dengan tiga taraf perlakuan (T1 = monokrop, T2 = tumpangsari dengan kacang hijau, dan T3 = tumpangsari dengan kedelai); Pola barisan (P) sebagai sub-plot, dengan dua taraf perlakuan (P1 = reguler, dan P2 = barisan sistem rel); dan Jarak tanam (J) sebagai sub sub-plot, dengan tiga taraf perlakuan (J1 = 75x40, J2 = 60x40 dan J3 = 50x40 cm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumpangsari dengan tanaman legum, terutama kacang hijau, memberikan hasil biji jagung lebih tinggi per ha dibandingkan dengan tanaman jagung monokrop. Jarak tanam juga berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil biji, di mana ada kecenderungan bahwa jarak tanam terlebar (75 cm) memberikan hasil biji per rumpun lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tersempit, tetapi karena mempersempit jarak tanam meningkatkan populasi per ha, maka rata-rata hasil biji per ha tertinggi pada jarak tanam sempit. Demikian pula perlakuan pola barisan antara reguler dan sistem rel tidak memberikan perbedaan hasil per rumpun, tetapi karena sistem rel meningkatkan populasi maka juga meningkatkan hasil biji kering per ha. Namun demikian, karena ada interaksi antar ketiga faktor perlakuan, maka berarti faktor perlakuan saling tindak dalam mempengaruhi hasil biji jagung per satuan luas lahan.

ABSTRACT

Research aimed to examine close plant spacing, row pattern, and intercropping with mungbean or soybean, on growth and yield of waxy maize of Bima local variety. The experiment was conducted on entisols rice-field in Narmada village, West Lombok, from May to July 2012, which was designed according to Split Split-Plot Design, with three blocks and three treatment factors, i.e. intercropping (T) as the main plot, with three treatment levels (T1 = mono-cropping maize, T2 = intercropping with mungbean, and T3 = intercropping with soybean), row patterns (P) as the sub-plot, with two treatment levels (P1 = regular rows, and P2 = railway pattern of rows or double rows), and planting distances (J) as sub-sub-plots, with three treatment levels (J1 = 75 x 40, J2 = 60 x 40, and J3 = 50 x 40 cm). Results indicated that intercropping maize with legume crops, especially with mungbean, resulted in higher maize grain yield than maize monocrops. Planting distances also affected maize yield, in which there was a tendency that the widest distance (75 cm) resulted in higher maize yield per clump than narrower distance, but because reducing planting distance increased maize population per ha, then the average maize yield per ha was highest on the narrowest planting distance. Similarly, between regular and railway systems of row patterns, there were significant differences in maize yield per clump, but because railway system increased maize population, it then also yielded higher than the regular row pattern. Moreover, there was a significant interaction among the three factors in affecting maize grain yield per ha, which means the treatment factors affected maize yield differently depending on the other factors in the combinations.