PERAN KONSTRUKTIF LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL IBU HAMIL DALAM MEMBANGUN PERILAKU KONSUMSI PANGAN DI PERDESAAN LOMBOK BARAT

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Ibu hamil merupakan salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang sangat sensitif dan beresiko tinggi (high risk) terhadap dampak negatif kurang konsumsi pangan, yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh lingkungan sosialnya yang kurang mendukung.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) peran konstruktif lingkungan sosial ibu hamil dalam membangun  perilaku konsumsi pangan, (2) perilaku konsumsi pangan di kalangan  ibu hamil, (3) keragaan pola konsumsi pangan di kalangan ibu hamil, dan (4) ketahanan konsumsi pangan ibu hamil.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah Kabuapten Lombok Barat, yaitu di desa Tanaq Beaq Kecamatan Narmada, desa Dasan Geres Kecamatan Gerung, dan di desa Sesela Kecamatan Gunungsari.Seluruh responden berjumlah 60oang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksploratif-deskriptif  (explorative-deskriptive research), sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) di lingkungan keluarga, suami, ibu kandung, dan ibu mertua dinilai sebagai individu yang cukup berperan dalam membangun perilaku konsumsi pangan di kalangan ibu hamil. Sementara, di lingkungan luar keluarga, yang dinilai cukup berperan adalah kader posyandu, bidan desa, dan penyuluh gizi/kesehatan, (2) umumnya ibu hamil memiliki pengetahuan tentang gizi dan kesehatan tergolong baik, sikap yang positif, dan tindakan yang juga relatif baik, (3) pada umumnya jumlah asupan zat gizi ibu hamil di perdesaan masih belum mencukupi kebutuhan, dan (4) ibu hamil umumnya tahan konsumsi pangan, khususnya untuk pangan pokok beras sebagai sumber energi utama dan pangan sumber protein terutama protein nabati.

ABSTARCT

THE CONSTRUCTIVE ROLES OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF PREGNANT MOTHERS IN DEVELOPING FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIORS IN WEST LOMBOK RURAL AREAS

(By: Ridwan, M. Rasyidi, and Syarifuddin)

Pregnant mothers are one of the community groups who are very sensitive and highly risky to the negative impacts of lack of food consumption, which is among others caused by unsupportive social environment. This study aims to identify: (1) the constructive roles of the social environment of pregnant mothers in developing food consumption behaviors, (2) food consumption behaviors among pregnant mothers, (3) performanceof food consumption behaviors among pregnant mothers, and (4) pregnant mothers’ food security.

The study was conducted in West Lombok Regency area, namely TanaqBeaqvillage of Narmada sub-district, DasanGeresvillage of Gerungsubdistrict, and Seselavillage of Gunungsarisubdistrict. The total number of respondents  was 60. The research employed explorative-descriptive method, and data was collected through interviews.

Findings of the study show that: (1) within family environment, husbands, mothers, and mothers-in-law played significant roles in developing food consumption behaviors among pregnant mothers. Outside of family environment, posyandu (health service unit) cadres, village midwives, and nutrition/health staff were viewed to have quite significant role; (2) pregnant mothers generally have good knowledge on nutrition and health, have good attitude, and relatively good behaviors; (3) the amount of nutrition intake of pregnant mothers in rural areas was not sufficient yet; and (4) pregnant mothers generally had food consumption security, especially rice being the staple food as the main source of energy and vegetables as the source of proteins.